Syntax in SQL

SQL is followed by a unique set of rules and guidelines called Syntax. All the SQL statements start with any of the keywords like SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, ALTER, DROP, CREATE, USE, SHOW and all the statements end with a semicolon (;).

Various Syntax in SQL #

SQL SELECT Statement #

SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM   table_name;

SQL DISTINCT Clause #

SELECT DISTINCT column1, column2....columnN
FROM   table_name;

SQL WHERE Clause #

SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM   table_name
WHERE  CONDITION;

SQL AND/OR Clause #

SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM   table_name
WHERE  CONDITION-1 {AND|OR} CONDITION-2;

SQL IN Clause #

SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM   table_name
WHERE  column_name IN (val-1, val-2,...val-N);

SQL BETWEEN Clause #

SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM   table_name
WHERE  column_name BETWEEN val-1 AND val-2;

SQL LIKE Clause #

SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM   table_name
WHERE  column_name LIKE { PATTERN };

SQL ORDER BY Clause #

SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM   table_name
WHERE  CONDITION
ORDER BY column_name {ASC|DESC};

SQL GROUP BY Clause #

SELECT SUM(column_name)
FROM   table_name
WHERE  CONDITION
GROUP BY column_name;

SQL COUNT Clause #

SELECT COUNT(column_name)
FROM   table_name
WHERE  CONDITION;

SQL HAVING Clause #

SELECT SUM(column_name)
FROM   table_name
WHERE  CONDITION
GROUP BY column_name
HAVING (arithematic function condition);

SQL DROP TABLE Statement #

DROP TABLE table_name;

SQL DROP INDEX Statement #

ALTER TABLE table_name
DROP INDEX index_name;

SQL DESC Statement #

DESC table_name;

SQL TRUNCATE TABLE Statement #

TRUNCATE TABLE table_name;

SQL ALTER TABLE Statement #

ALTER TABLE table_name {ADD|DROP|MODIFY} column_name {data_ype};

SQL ALTER TABLE Statement (Rename) #

ALTER TABLE table_name RENAME TO new_table_name;

SQL INSERT INTO Statement #

INSERT INTO table_name( column1, column2....columnN)
VALUES ( value1, value2....valueN);

SQL UPDATE Statement #

UPDATE table_name
SET column1 = value1, column2 = value2....columnN=valueN
[ WHERE  CONDITION ];

SQL DELETE Statement #

DELETE FROM table_name
WHERE  {CONDITION};

SQL CREATE DATABASE Statement #

CREATE DATABASE database_name;

SQL DROP DATABASE Statement #

DROP DATABASE database_name;

SQL USE Statement #

USE database_name;

SQL COMMIT Statement #

COMMIT;

SQL ROLLBACK Statement #

ROLLBACK;